Microbots: Small is More

We humans are curious about how far we could go in terms of scientific accomplishments. With the advancements of science, as discoveries become sophisticated, we look forward towards more sustainable, cost-efficient, and compact products that are useful for mankind. We have started digging deep into different fields of studies with the aim of enhancing current scientific knowledge. 

Robotics is one such prolific field. We have gone through many iterations of robots that replicate human behaviour; we have manufactured robots as tall as 8.46 m but how far have we gone in exploring the areas that are too small for the naked eye? This is where the idea of micro-robotics comes into the picture. The integral idea of creating a robot is to emulate the functions of humans such as gathering data to process, extracting insights, and making decisions to implement them by modifying a robot’s behaviour. When these characteristics are reduced in scale, we enter the world of micro-robotics.

Evolution

Micro robotics typically deals with robots that range in size from a few micrometers to a few centimeters. The concept of microbots first emerged in 1980. Researchers were focused on developing theoretical frameworks, locomotive principles and investigating materials for micro-scale fabrication. The development of Micro Electromechanical systems (MEMS) provided a breakthrough in microbots technology. MEMS offered fabrication techniques that allowed for the integration of mechanical, electrical, and sensing components on a microscale.

The beginning of the journey of miniaturisation commenced in the stomach of a mouse, where a small robotic motor was deployed to explore a completely new world. These bots were propelled by the mouse’s own gastric acid to deliver its payload..

We can draw a lot of similarities with what we see in movies where a submarine with the human crew is shrunk down to microscopic level and sent on a mission inside a human to explore.

Printed circuit boards propel small magnetic robots electromagnetically, with the capacity to adjust their speed and movement in two axes as well as rotationally. Magnetic levitation is a method of operating magnetic microrobots, which could improve positional resolution.

Applications

The evolution of microbots has been intertwined with advancements in microfabrication techniques like 3D printing, photolithography and so on. The usage of such microsystems could range from micro-assembly, microfabrication, and micropositioning. These small robots can also be programmed to work with each other to build macro-scaled structures like trusses through mutual communication.

Microbots equipped with sensors can monitor environmental parameters, such as water quality, air pollution, and soil contamination. Think about a swarm of nanobots released into the atmosphere which could quickly break down harmful molecules and turn it into harmless materials. They can also aid in the restoration of damaged ecosystems, such as coral reefs, by assisting in the transplantation of coral fragments.

In the future, microbots may perform complex surgical procedures with high precision and control, enabling delicate interventions. They may also be used to monitor diseases in real time, deliver targeted therapies, or even repair damaged cells.

Microrobots with 60 joints have been developed to move quicker than before. New advances such as electro-adhesive foot pads and origami-based ankle joints allow it to navigate more sophisticated contours, allowing it to work in difficult-to-reach places and traverse narrow gaps, making it suitable for safety inspections. Microbots might play a role in the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials with advanced properties and could also conduct non-destructive testing at a microscopic level.

Recent developments have focused on enhancing the autonomy and intelligence of microrobots with miniaturised onboard processors, advanced control algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques that have empowered microbots with decision-making capabilities and adaptive behaviour. These intelligent microbots can perceive their environment, make real-time decisions, and adapt their actions accordingly. They could be used for surveillance in sensitive areas or disaster-stricken regions, providing real-time information and can also assist in the handling and disposal of hazardous materials, reducing the risk to humans.

Microbots in Valve Industry

Theoretical uses of microbots are endless. The potential of micro-robotics to change the way we deal with damages and errors in manufacturing is immense. In the near future, we could probably think of using microrobots in our valves to investigate damages and aid repair. Microbots may offer unique advantages in enhancing valve performance, maintenance, and monitoring. They could be employed to inspect and maintain valves by navigating intricate valve assemblies and perform tasks such as cleaning, lubrication, repair, and inspection. Microbots equipped with sensors and cameras could detect leaks by monitoring pressure, temperature, or fluid composition. By continuous monitoring of parameters such as pressure differentials, flow rates, and actuation force we can obtain real-time data which enables predictive maintenance.

Microbots exemplify the incredible advancements humanity has achieved in the realm of miniature robotics. Their ability to perform tasks at a microscopic scale opens a myriad of possibilities and are poised to revolutionise industries and redefine our understanding of what is possible. It is imperative that we continue to explore this area while keeping ethical considerations in mind; ensuring a future where microbots are used responsibly for the betterment of society.

Author Name: Ahin Honymon | ahin.honymon@lntvalves.com